The Placement of Humanity - 807 Words

The placement of humanity, not only within the material world but also beyond it as well, has been one of the driving questions that propel humans forward into the new frontier of technology and mental wonders. Humans are corporeal. We touch our skin and come to the conclusion that we are solid. We touch the clothes that surround our bodies. The clothes do not go through our bodies, so therefore our bodies and our clothes are solid. However, since humanity has stepped foot on earth, we have included in our culture and our ways of life elements of the supernatural, elements of the divine, and also elements of subjectivity. Sometimes, we base our most important decisions in life with subjectivity. That is, we look with our emotions and with what we feel would be the right thing for ourselves. Why do we this? I believe that although humans belong in the material world, humans can show and express some elements of the supernatural, the divine, and subjectivity. Aristotle believes that i n order to determine of some action is good, we have to consider the aim at which the action is intended for. Aristotle then suggests that actions must have ends and because there are many actions, there must many ends. Aristotle agrees that what is good for man is happiness, living well and living happy in life, Aristotle then defines what happiness is and what good is in man. The elements of good and happiness can be attributed to subjectivity because it leads us to form an argumentShow MoreRelatedGullivers Travels: Where Size Doesnt Matter1675 Words   |  7 Pagesthe novel, and all actions are told through his point of view. His voyages expose him to extraordinary and absurd circumstances, used as fodder for mockery, and all throughout Gulliver’s travails society is ridiculed, and a bitter light is cast on humanity. Character growth is not spared: in the beginning Gulliver is much one-dimensional, and as he changes, Swift uses his growth as another ancillary conduit to l et loose more satirical prowess. In the world as painted by Swift, Dystopia and Utopia areRead MoreEssay Evaluating the Facuty in the Education Department1112 Words   |  5 Pagesspecific action plans. †¢ Collaborate with the stakeholders at the University including the advisory board members and the accrediting associations to find out what they want to see from graduates of the University. Specifically, the education and humanities program. †¢ Collaborate with the department chairs from all departments, the deans of instruction, and the full-time faculty. †¢ Develop focus groups, survey research, interviews, or series of meetings to develop a comprehensive community outreachRead MoreMichelangelo s Creation Of Eve1416 Words   |  6 Pagesto the Creation of Adam, and thus is oftentimes overlooked. Therefore, this paper will employ a close visual analysis of the Creation of Eve, in order to explore its overarching symbolism and messages regarding the Church, the relationship between humanity and the Creator, and the connection to the common man. As stated by Varghese, â€Å"Here the place of each individual painting becomes very important† (241-242). Whether it be through the flow of the nine central panels or the locations of the ProphetsRead MorePersonal Reflection On The Social Work Profession847 Words   |  4 Pagespersonal reflection on my understanding of the social work profession, as I get ready for my field placement. I will reflect on my evolving sense of professional identity, and will discuss my growth in terms of self-awareness. I will further deliberate about my knowledge of the Social Work profession. My current understanding of the profession, and activities, tasks and roles that I may undertake in a placement situation The Social Work profession in Ontario is a complete, accredited program that is acknowledgedRead MoreThe Pale Blue Dot, By Joel Achenbach1512 Words   |  7 Pagescompete against others, world powers against another. But, in the vast reality of the cosmos, the Earth, is nothing more than a tiny little â€Å"pale blue dot.† Described none other than Carl Sagan, â€Å"The Pale Blue Dot,† reveals the scary reality about the placement of the human race in the â€Å"enveloping cosmic dark.† In his quote, Sagan uses pathos and logos about this reality, opening a deeper understanding that beyond the planet Earth, humans are nothing more than insignificant. He has revolutionized the wayRead MoreWe Must First Play An Active Role925 Words   |  4 Pagesmyself finding strategy where other students find struggle, creativity where other students find confusion, and intuition where other students find intimidation. I am one of the men who insist on knowing that Ezra Pound d escribes but my current placement places me amongst mere herding sheep. I find education to be a creative art; moreover, every class I have taken in college thus far has not challenged my thinking in any way. I mostly find myself reading and reiterating what I read in short essaysRead MoreAPUSH DBQ1101 Words   |  5 PagesCopyright 0 2001 by College Entrance Examination Board. All rights reserved. Advanced Placement Program and AP are registered trademarks of the College Entrance Examination Board. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 2 2001 AP@ UNITED STATES HISTORY FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS Document C Source: Life magazine, May 1955. Copyright O 2001 by College Entrance Examination Board. All rights reserved. Advanced Placement Program and AP are registered trademarks of the College Entrance Examination Board. Read MoreDante’s Vision of Divine Justice Justice is one of the major building block that society is built900 Words   |  4 Pageslust. Francesca was one of the souls committed to this section of hell. In her shade’s telling of the events that led to her damnation, one cannot not help but sympathize for her. Francesca’s downfall was in love. She was a married woman who own humanity betrayed her. While reading literature with another man, Francesca is caught in the passion of the story and kisses a man who is not her husband (Alighieri 23:2). Francesca committed a sin of passion in a temporary lapse of judgment. This sin ofRead MoreReflection On Mental Health802 Words   |  4 Pagesill people are violent, unpredictable, and dangerous. These views were not only a result of a lack of knowledge about mental illness but also due to the impact of negative media and cultural stereotypes that I had grown up with. Before clinical placement, I used to be scared with the patients and used to be reluctant to deal with them. Now, I have increased self-awareness and have consolidated rational thinking about mental illness and could break the stigma of mental illness. In addition, I learnedRead MoreAnalyzing the Surprise Ending in Descartes Discourse on the Method and the Meditations1051 Words   |  4 PagesSurprise Ending in Descartes In the book Discourses on the Method and the Meditations, author Rene Descartes famously questions the existence of humanity. His most famous quotation, the one for whom he is most remembered is I think therefore I am (Descartes 11). According to this idea, so long as a being has the ability to think then they existed. Animals have brains and therefore they must exist. In order to truly, exist, to be a thinking entity, a person or organism must utilize the ability

Compulsory Education in Saudi Arabia Free Essays

string(125) " The government has also established higher technical institutions and those that deal in financial and commercial sciences\." Education is very important as it greatly influences people’s behavior, interpersonal relationships, leadership and the general economy. When people are educated, they become more open minded to new ideas and it is this change in attitudes that enhances innovation and intelligence in society to make people skilled in certain areas such that they positively impact on the society (World Education Forum, 2000). Saudi Arabia is one of the countries in the Middle East whose economy is growing rapidly. We will write a custom essay sample on Compulsory Education in Saudi Arabia or any similar topic only for you Order Now The country therefore needs skilled people to work in the industries who will continue propelling the economy to greater heights. For this reasons, education in Saudi Arabia is something that the government considers as a necessity and that is why it is has dedicated itself to improve the literacy levels especially among people in the rural areas. Saudi Arabia being an Islamic state it is ensuring that the citizens follow the culture and traditions as stated in the holy Quran. To enhance this, the school curriculum follows the Islamic principles and belief system. This research will look at the various ways in which education in Saudi Arabia is enhanced in several ways so as to ensure that the children of Saudi Arabia have access to good education. Compulsory Education Compulsory education generally means that children are allowed to go to school without being asked to pay any fees. This is because the government will cater for the expenses that the public schools will incur which are mainly related to school tuition. Compulsory education in Saudi Arabia was initiated during the reign of the two Kings; Faisal and Khalid (1964- 1982). It was then that the education system was changed from the former Egyptian model and a five year plan was formulated so as to enhance human capital development via education and training. Initially, 50% of the best children after finishing primary education went to secondary and the rest were enrolled in the training institutions. Nowadays, compulsory education in Saudi Arabia generally includes primary and secondary education and partly higher education which is funded by the government. Compulsory education has been beneficial to the government as well as the people because the poor and marginalized children can now go to school, more people are becoming educated and skilled and the government now has leant to budget it s money well so that all sectors of the economy get enough funding. This initiative has helped in reducing the cases of unequal distribution of resources (OECD Staff, 230). For easy monitoring of academic progress, the kingdom is divided into school districts (Saudi Arabia, 2009). The Ministry of Education is responsible for formulating educational policies that are used by all schools in the different districts. We will now look at how compulsory education works in the different levels of education. Primary Education. Primary education was made free by the government so that everyone in the country could be educated such that when they become of age and are left on their own , they have high chances of finding a job so that they an meet their daily needs. â€Å"Since Saudi Arabia follows the Sharia Law even in the school system, boys and girls are separated and that is why there are separate schools for both genders but all follow the same education system as the exams set are the same (State University, 2009). † The system therefore includes traditional education for boys, general education for the boys and girls education system. Primary education constitutes the elementary school where upon successfully completing this stage, a child is awarded the general elementary schools certificate and the intermediate schools where after finishing at around the age of 15, one is awarded the intermediate schools certificate. The subjects that are learnt at the primary level are those that are meant to create a strong foundation so that the children can develop an interest on the areas that they would like to specialize (Sedgwick, 2001). The subjects studied include, mathematics, Arabic, English, science, art, history and religious studies. The boys on top of this, they study physical education. o Secondary Education Secondary education is supposed to shape the growing children’s behavior and build on the areas where they can specialize so that by the time they finish high school and get the general secondary education certificate, technical secondary school or the religious Institute Secondary Education certificate, they can choose either to further their studies if they have passed or to engage in other economic activities if they do not join training institutions. Under the secondary education, there is the general secondary education and the religious secondary school which mainly focuses on the social sciences and religious studies (Rothbard, 2006). † Subjects taught in the general secondary education may be optional but there are those that everyone has to learn which include scientific and literary subjects. The technical secondary school offers vocational, commercial and agricultural training progra ms as specified by the general Organization for Technical Education. This system is good as it makes people define at an early age the areas they would like to specialize on. After completion, there is further vocational and training that seeks to emphasize on the skills acquired. o Higher Education There are 7 public universities, teacher training colleges and colleges for women. The universities follow two systems, the modern system that is influenced by the western ways of doing things and the traditional Islamic system which mainly teaches students on Islamic laws and social studies. When students pass their secondary education specifically the Tawjihi or the General Secondary Education Certificate examinations, they will be admitted to the universities (Sedgwick, 2001). † University education is supposed to take four years but there are exceptions in disciplines like medicine, engineering and Pharmacy which can last for up to eight years. The women colleges mostly offer bachelor and masters degrees but there is also a doctorate in education following the provisions made by the General Presidency for Girls Education. The government has also established higher technical institutions and those that deal in financial and commercial sciences. The courses take about two to three years and after completion, certificates and diplomas are awarded. These non-university higher education institutions are governed by the General organization for Technical Education and Vocational Training (GOTEVT). The students who are admitted to these schools have to have undergone secondary education and specialized in the science subjects or gone to the vocational and commercial schools. Teacher training. The government of Saudi Arabia in wanting to offer the best teachers for the schools they have funded and built, they have invested in teacher training colleges. There are about 18 teacher training colleges and the Ministry of Education ensures that the colleges are well supported so that they produce competent and skilled teachers who will be recruited by the government after the completion of their studies to each in the public schools around the country. The teachers are trained for all the levels which include primary, secondary and higher education. King Abdul Aziz University usually trains the teachers who will concentrate in higher education (Sedgwick, 2001). o Special Education Specialized education include taking care of the disable in society, adult education, offering public administration services and educating and training the military personnel in various fields. ? Physically challenged educational initiatives The Saudi government in its quest of equitable distribution of resources has not forgotten the physically challenged people and children in society. Schools have been established within the kingdom to cater for disabilities like blindness, mental cases and the deafness. These schools generally create a safe haven for the pupils who would otherwise been shun away by society by ensuring that there are facilities that will cater for the physical therapy sessions they sometimes undergo through and proper training sessions. King Saud University teaches teachers so that they can take care of special children. The College of Applied Medicine also teaches educators on how they can deal with deaf children. Adult education Research has shown that the illiteracy levels are more in women than they are in men. That that is why adult education programs have been developed to deal with such cases. The ministry of education in conjunction with the General Presidency of Girls Education has opened up institutions that help the elderly in society to read and write. In addition to this, they undergo various vocational training classes so that they can gain skills which ah they can use to earn income. For example the women are taught about weaving and Pottery. Public Administration To enhance the skills that people gain in school, the government offers special training to people who work in hospitals so that they can offer the best health care to patients, people in the banking sector so that they can manage people finances well and also the governments resources as they will be more observant on the changes in the domestic, regional and global market trends. Special training is also given to the people who handle electronic data and secretaries. The goal of building on the skills of the public administrators is to ensure that they serve the public well, manage the country’s resources and perform their duties without any form of biasness (Abir, 1988). ? Military Training and Education The government in its commitment to protecting people’s lives and safeguarding their lives and property from any form of internal and external danger, it has set up military training camps for all the different divisions within the military. Where upon completion of the course, A military science degree is awarded. Health training centers are also in place which train doctors in various fields, nurses, laboratory assistants, pharmacists and intuitionalists who can therefore offer better health treatment to people all over the country. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs is also working with other institutions in conducting research on various things so that they can continue enhancing various sectors of the economy. Funding. The Provision of quality education is something that the government is working on and that is why the government allocates funds to schools in order to buy things like stationery, reading and writing books and also building of classrooms. In building schools, the Ministry of Education emphasizes on the rural development fast because a lot of people are now living in the cities and man people are migrating to the urban areas leaving them underdeveloped. â€Å"That is why they need to make sure that there are good schools in the regions and better facilities so that people stay and develop the areas (UNESCO, 2007). The ministry also offers scholarships to the children who have performed well and they would like to further their education in oversees countries. The ministry thus relies on the budget allocation set aside for educational purposes and several charities got from donors. â€Å"The state is developing ways that will make the private sector more involved in the prov ision of extra funding for educational programs (Raheed, 2008). † The ministry of Education ha therefore come up with ways that aim at increasing the support of the community for this initiative. Since some private institutions fund schools, they are being given a duty of monitoring and evaluating the activities that occur in such schools so that they can perform better and continue giving the funds. Challenges and Solutions Though the compulsory educational system is meant to make the citizens more knowledgeable, it is faced wit various setbacks that need to be addressed if the Ministry of Education objectives are to be fulfilled. One of the challenges is that the number of the children going to school is increasing and this has made the public schools especially the primary schools become congested. This situation is straining the learning process as the teachers have to cope with the large number of children and therefore they cannot address the individual needs of the children. Moreover, performance of the pupils in such schools is diminishing. That is why the private schools are starting to gain popularity because they are offering quality services hence their better performance. If policies are poorly designed, parents will keep their children at home and neither party will gain in the process (Field et al, 2007). For the state to be able to cope with this problem, they have to redefine their policies so that they can build more schools or hire more teachers. Another challenge is that the teachers or educators salaries have not been increased therefore they are not motivated enough to teach students. The ministry needs to adjust the teachers pay packages because if the problem persists, the people who are largely going to suffer will be the students as they will be caught in a tag of war between the teachers and the state. Women education is largely governed by Islamic principles and that is why it is difficult for the women to further their education. â€Å"The women especially those who want to pursue higher education in other countries are not easily allowed to travel to other countries and this restricts then from finding pleasure in careers they want to do (Arabic News, 2003). † On top of this, priority is always given to the boys therefore women have a limited chance again of enhancing their careers. The state as much as it is Islamic, it can allow exceptions and even provide guidelines that will help the women who would like to further their studies. Funding is a major issue and this can be attributed to mismanagement of some of the funds allocated to educational ventures and the leaders both of schools and the state not being accountable for the funds. There are cases where schools do not have records of the money they have spent and this makes it difficult to properly allocate funds (Ghonemy, 1998). The leaders therefore need to guide the people in proper ways and ensure that they positively then to follow in their footsteps. Moreover, they need to properly plan and budget for their activities. In conclusion, compulsory education has helped the state increase its human resource capabilities by supporting education and training programs in almost all sectors of the economy. If they implement the solutions to the various problems mentioned and continually monitor and evaluate the progress of schools, then they have a high chance of improving the education sector and likewise the lives of the people of Saudi Arabia. How to cite Compulsory Education in Saudi Arabia, Papers

Law of Compulsory Purchase and Compensation - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Law of Compulsory Purchase and Compensation. Answer: Purpose: The main purpose of this case study is to determine whether the defendant of this case has failed to perform his statutory duty of care to the plaintiff or not. Facts: Considering the case brief, following facts are being conceptualised: The Plaintiffs are Diane Goody and Richard Goody and the Defendant is Costco Wholesale Corporation Limited. One of the Plaintiffs, Diane Goody is married to the other Plaintiff Richard Goody. Goody fell as she entered the Costco store located at the Ontario, London. Goody is retired property assessor and was 53 years of age at the date of incident. During the accident Goody was accompanied by Mr. Goody. It was snowing and she was with her winter boots, winter glasses and her hand was empty at the time of accident. Her Husband was behind her when she fell forward and she was able to get up and was seated. The incident report was completed by the Costco employee and it was signed and dated by Mrs. Goody. Goody was examined at the Headwaters Health Centrein Orangeville. Goody consulted with numbered of physicians and health care workers regarding her condition. She also submitted to a Defence medical examination. The Defendant (Costco) states that there were no hazards in the grate at the entrance of the Costco store which caused the Plaintiff to trip and submits that they took reasonable care in the situation. The Defendant (Costco) denies negligence and submits that the mere fact of this case is any incident does not give rise to liability of the defendant or the Plaintiffs entitlement to damages. The Defendant (Costco) further submits that the plaintiffs should have to take proper care as the weather was adverse in nature. Goody alleges for non-pecuniary or general damages, special damages, and pre- judgement interest as a result of the fall she sustained on Sunday, January 26, 2003 at the premises of the defendant. Issues: The main issues of the case are as follows: Whether the obligation of Costco to its customers on issue of liability has been fulfilled or not. Whether the Costco has breached the statutory duty of care which were sufficient to discharge the burden placed on by the Occupiers' Liability Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. O.2 in the circumstances of this case. Did the Defendant failed to make the entrance reasonably safe and met the standard of care which is placed on Occupiers' Liability Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. O.2 (QC, 2014). Whether the Plaintiff is eligible for non-pecuniary damages or any monetary damages in this case or not. Did the Plaintiff fits the crumbling skull principle? Relevant legal provisions: The Occupiers' Liability Act, R.S.O. 1990 is the main statutory provision in this case. According to the plaintiff, the defendant has failed to meet all the criteria necessary under section 3 of the Act. According to section 3 (1), it is the duty of the occupier to take sufficient care regarding its premises and should take necessary steps to secure the interest of the customers. The premises they hold must be reasonably safe and occupier has to take necessary action at all circumstances (van Zeben, 2015). According to section 3 (2), the duty of care provided for in subsection (1) applies whether the danger is caused by the condition of the premises or by an activity carried on the premises. In Kerr v. Loblaws Inc., 2007 ONCA 371 ( CanLII), 224 O.A.C. 56, the Court of Justice has observed that the defendant must take all the possible steps to make the premises safe for the other persons or plaintiffs. The defendant can lightning the premises, guarding its boundaries or maintain the p roperty on overall base. The case of Crudo v. Westfair Foods Ltd., 2005 BCSC 320 (CanLII) determines the facts that the defendant was not liable for the accident since the defendant had met the requisite standard of care and the reasonable duty of care. However, in context to the injuries if the defendant was liable for the injuries then the court would have awarded the cost to the plaintiff. In Cox (Litigation Guardian of) v. Marchen,[2002] O.J. 3669 (S.C.), the court has observed that if in case of any maintenance failure the defendant had failed to notify the plaintiff and the plaintiff sustained injury by this, it will amount as breach of duty by the defendant. Further, in Wood vCobourgDistrict GeneralHospital,(1999), 1999 CanLII 8871 (ON CA), 25 O.A.C. 370, O.J. No. 3889, it has been held that the rate of compensation will be depended on the sufferings of the plaintiff. Decision/ analyze/ reasoning: The court has decided this case on the basis of precedents and the nature of the process is known as case-based reasoning particularly. In certain circumstances, the court is pronouncing judgments based on the previously decided facts and decrees. In the present case, an allegation regarding the statutory duty of the defendant has been made and compensation has been asked by the plaintiff. The defendants had defend their case too by taking the plea of contributory negligence and made certain counter claims in this respect. Court has taken the analogy of previously decided judgment of Kerr v. Loblaws Inc., Wood vCobourgDistrict GeneralHospital,(1999) and alike judgments. The nature of the reasoning is retrieve that has been adopted by the court. A close interpretation of the decision reveals that fact that the occupiers should be more careful while dealing with the customers and they are required to make all the precautions for secure the interest of the customers. If they failed to take reasonable steps in such cases, he will not take the plea for innocence. He has the burden to prove that there is no laxity regarding pro-activeness from his side. The decision of the case has proved this general fact. Ratio: A close interpretation of the Occupiers Liability Act reveals that if the provision of liability of the occupiers is reasonable, he has to compensate the plaintiff. This principle was established in Waldick et al. v. Malcolm (1991) 125 N.R. 372 (SCC) where the court has observed that the defendant had failed to show reasonable care to plaintiff and therefore held liable. In Crudo v. Westfair Foods Ltd., 2005 BCSC 320, it has been established that it is the duty of the occupier to make the premises safe. In case of any failure in this case, he will be liable. Disposition: However, the court has given certain judgments in this case and it has followed the rules and case citations relevant to this case. The learned court was pleased to make its judgment against the defendant and ordered the defendant to pay the following compensation to the plaintiff: General damage of $50,000 to the plaintiff; Damages for loss of past income of $50,736. Damages for loss of future income of $67,500. Damages for Family Law Act at the rate of $75,000. However, it has been stated by the court that the defendant can make issues if they are dissatisfied with the judgment within the time specified by the Court. Reference: QC, M. B. (2014).The Law of Compulsory Purchase and Compensation. Bloomsbury Publishing. van Zeben, J. (2015). Establishing a governmental duty of care for climate change mitigation: will Urgenda turn the tide?.Transnational Environmental Law,4(2), 339-357. Wilcox, V. (2016).A Company's right to Damages for Non-pecuniary Loss. Cambridge University Press.

Kuwait Essays - Kuwait, Gulf War, Economy Of Kuwait,

Kuwait Kuwait is not self-sufficient in agriculture but the country will be in the future. Its production of cereals, vegetables and fruit grown in the oasis of Jahra and scattered smallholdings is not sufficient for the population's needs, due to limitations of water supply, fertile soil, climate and manpower. Much of its food needs to be imported but government investment and the work of the Kuwait Experimental farm have led to improvements whereby existing resources are more efficiently utilized. Kuwait is a small arid desert land of about 6200 square miles. There is virtually no natural source of fresh water. Climatic conditions entail occasional high winds and dust storms, little or no rainfall, and summer temperatures as high as 120?F. "Consequently, arable land amounts to less than 9% of total acreage."1 Soil deficiencies and the intense heat and sunlight allow continued cultivation only by expensive underground pipe-fed irrigation or by hydroponics. Ordinary irrigation under these conditions results in gradually increasing soil salinity. this phenomenon has been the cause of the estimated 1% annual decrease in arable land for the region as a whole. Hence, development of traditional agriculture is severely restricted. 1El Mallakh, Ragaei (Kuwait, Trade and Investment. Boulder, Westview Press Inc., 1989) pg 117 Kuwaitis are under no illusion that self-sufficiency will take less than 20 to 30 years to attain and even then it cannot include such items as beef and cereals. For Kuwait cereal production is considered too expensive and unnecessary. Self-sufficiency in poultry, vegetables and fruit is a visible goal: already Kuwait produces 60% of the eggs it needs, 40% of the poultry meat and 100% of the tomatoes. The next emphasis is likely to be on dairy farming and animal husbandry to increase the 25% of the required milk supplies that is produced in the country. The Kuwaitis are very conscious of the fact that urban growth and the hunting of animals which used to live in the desert has meant the virtual extinction of wildlife. Kuwait is importing from many countries animals such as cows, chickens and sheep. In view of Kuwait's extremely unpromising natural environment which was made even worse after the Persian Gulf War, the key to all its hopes for self-sufficiency lies in research and experiments. Their experimental farm research farm:Omariya, the Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research and the Kuwait Fund for the Advancement of Sciences are engaged in a variety of projects concerned with the hybridization of plants, animal breeding, the increase of yields in desert conditions, the treatment of brackish water and effluent water, irrigation methods, etc. "For example, the use of plastic mulching films as a cover for the soil is already widely known as a method of preventing evaporation, reducing soil erosion and retarding weed growth."2 Winstone, H.V.F.(Kuwait:Prospect and Reality. London, McGraw- Hill Inc., 1990) pg. 198 Kuwait only has 100 acres or so under cultivation in the whole country. This makes Kuwait one of the least agriculturalized countries in the world. The dependence on imports of foodstuffs is almost complete. This state of affairs has had economic as well as sociological effects on the population since the oil exports pay for the food imports. The urbanistic character of the indigenous population has been reinforced by the lack of farming opportunities. Kuwait is trying to change this in order to diversify and balance its economy which at present is highly dependent on finite amounts of petroleum. "Agriculture (including fishing) accounts for but a small portion of Kuwait's gross domestic product (0.24%). This economic sector utilized only 3% of those privately employed."3 3El Mallakh, Ragaei (Economic Development and Regional Cooperation. Chicago, University of Chicago, 1988) pg. 55 Government studies have shown the feasibility of commercial scale production of fruits and vegetables using hydroponic methods. However, little progress has actually been made in terms of expanding the income base of the country. The reasons for lack of progress are obvious:deficiencies of soil, lack of irrigation water, the harsh climate, and the limited supply of agriculturally trained manpower. There is a heavy dependence on expatriate labour since Kuwaitis possess an almost "agriculture-less" mentality, aside from fishing. If agriculture is an industry of the future, fishing, together with pearling have been a major occupation in Kuwait since the foundation of the state. Today with the increase in population and rise in living standards "the local industry provides about 99% of consumption, which is over 5000 tons a year."4 The harvesting and eating of shrimp has progressed most rapidly-doubling in 2 years during the early 1980s. The individual fishermen who still supply two-thirds of the local market, use much of the traditional equipment. Gradually

Andrew hellen essays

Andrew hellen essays In our continuous discussion of ethics and death Benjamin, in chapter 7 of Philosophy and this Actual World, asks us to imagine a case where a child, Andrew, is born with anencephaly, ... a condition in which the embryologic closure of the neural tube never completes, leaving the embryo to develop without the upper portion of its skull. These embryos sometimes continue to develop into the fetal stage and may even survive to be born alive, but with upper cranium and scalp missing and the brain open to the outer world. [Although anencephalic infants have a function brain stem but because they lack the functioning cerebral hemispheres, they do not and will never experience consciousness] These babies may survive outside the womb for varying amounts of time, anywhere between minutes and weeks. Although the condition is always fatal and there are no techniques to correct the problem...(anencephaly web page). In another hospital there is Helen, a newborn with hypoplastic left heart syndr ome [which] consists of an underdeveloped Left Atrium and Left Ventricle. The whole left side of the heart which pumps the blood to the body is underdeveloped and small and is unable to perform that function. This means the baby is unable to get blood to his body through the Aortic Valve, the Aortic Arch and the front parts. [a congenital malformation very likely to lead to an early death] (childrens heart institute). Apart from their conditions both infants are healthy; Helens brain, in particular, is fine, and Andrews heart is fine. So comes the question If it is surgically possible to replace Helens heart with Andrews healthy one should the surgeons do it? Is it morally right or wrong? There are many aspects to take into account when surveying a situation like this. Aside from mere ethics there are people involved, and differing opinions from religion to background belief. Right away when conc...

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Internet Information Technology Essay

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Internet Information Technology Essay Research can be defined as the search for knowledge or as any systematic investigation to establish facts. The primary purpose for applied research as opposed to basic research is discovering, interpreting, and the development of methods and systems for the advancement of human knowledge on a wide variety of scientific matters of our world and the universe. Internet has been perhaps the most outstanding innovation in the field of communication in the history of mankind. As with every single innovation, internet has its own advantages and disadvantages. But usually, greater magnitude of advantages outweighs its disadvantages. The word â€Å"research† is used to describe a number of similar and often overlapping activities involving a search for information. For example, each of the following activities involves such a search; but the differences are significant and worth examining. Ten years ago, the term internet was practically anonymous to most of the people. And today inte rnet has become the most ever powerful tool for man throughout the world. The internet is a collection of various services and resources. Although, many people still think e-mail and World Wide Web as the principle constituents of internet, there is lot more in store than e-mail, chat rooms, celebrity web sites and search engines. It also became the best business tool of modern scenario. Today internet has brought a globe in a single room.. Advantages The Internet provides many facilities to the people. The main advantages of Internet are discussed below: Information: Information is probably the biggest advantage internet is offering. The Internet is a virtual treasure trove of information. Any kind of information on any topic under the sun is available on the Internet. The search engines like Google, yahoo is at your service on the Internet. You can almost find any type of data on almost any kind of subject that you are looking for. There is a huge amount of information available o n the internet for just about every subject known to man, ranging from government law and services, trade fairs and conferences, market information, new ideas and technical support, the list is end less. Students and children are among the top users who surf the Internet for research. Today, it is almost required that students should use the Internet for research for the purpose of gathering resources. Teachers have started giving assignments that require research on the Internet. Almost every coming day, researches on medical issues become much easier to locate. Numerous web sites available on the net are offering loads of information for people to research diseases and talk to doctors online at sites such as, Americaà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s Doctor. During 1998 over 20 million people reported going online to retrieve health information. Time: A second advantage is that Internet-based survey research may save time for researchers. As already noted, online surveys allow a researcher to reach thousands of people with common characteristics in a short amount of time, despite possibly being separated by great geographic distances (Bachmann Garton et al., 2003; Taylor, 2000; Yun Couper, 2000; Llieva et al., 2002; Yun Watt, 1999; Witmer et al., 1999).

BEER GAME Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

BEER GAME - Essay Example Furthermore, during cold weather the demand declines drastically thereby increasing the cost of manufacturing the product. Businesses exist in self-sustaining cycles. When the demand for a product changes the prices of other complimentary products some of which are useful in the manufacturing process changes as well thereby compounding the challenges facing a business, the supply of bottled water for example uses such products and services as plastic bottles, branding and transportation among others. The nature of the product makes it susceptible to climatic conditions since they influence the demand thus compounding some of the supply challenges (SILK, 2006). The transportation cost for the bottled water is likely to increase during warm water as the demand for the product increases regionally. This implies that demand increases even to the transporters a feature of the business that is likely to increase the cost of conducting business thereby increasing the price of the product. D emand for bottled water increases during special occasions such as end year parties, graduations and sports among others. The demand for the product stays either constant or declines in the absence of such social gathering. The impromptu arrangement of some of the social functions makes it challenging the supplier to increase the quantity of the product during manufacture and to organize for their transportation to the university in time. Additionally, most of such occasions last a day and attracts undetermined quantity of people. Such occasions as graduations and sports attract many people while some occasions such as seminars and class parties may not attract as much people. The periodic nature of the demand coupled with the unreliable size of the demand makes both manufacturing and transportation to the university more challenging (PRASCH, 2008). It is more challenging to change the quantity of the product for a day and organizing for their transportation to the market. The sudde n organization of some of the events makes it more difficult for the business to set up the necessary infrastructure to manufacture an increased volume and transport them to the market in time. The problem increases since the company must find market for the excessive market should it increase its production yet the demand fails to meet the quantity of the supply. Such excessive production results in losses for the business (FISHER, 2007). Graduation gowns Graduation gowns on the other hand have a more determined market. The products are essential to the students at the end of every academic year as the students adorn them in their graduation ceremonies. This implies that the supplier has a specified amount of time of both manufacture and supply to the university, additionally; the supplier operates closely with the institution. The supplier of graduation gowns therefore has a determined market. However, the business just as any other faces numerous challenges most of which arise fr om the nature of the demand (BURROW & BOSILJEVAC, 2009). The products are for example relevant only during graduations. This implies that the supplier remains out of business during the rest of the academic days. The demand for the product stays minimal during the rest of the days but rises abruptly during the graduation day. While the supplier

Lexis and Semantics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Lexis and Semantics - Essay Example The verb Increased as used with reference to the sales of both digital and non-digital books refers to the positive change in the sales of the commodities. The adverb by, as used in the context shows the extent of increase in the sales of these commodities – which has been defined to be at 6.1 percent. The verb compared, as used in the context shows the establishment of a relationship between the sales of the commodities between the first half of 2012 – as related to the sales registered in the previous year (Goddard, 1998). In usage, the sentence, elements are used to show a comparison between the increase in sales between year 2012 and the previous year. The adverb to, as used in relation to the sales volumes of the current year to those of the previous year, is used to show the comparative convergence between the two sales accounts of reference (Lewis, 1993). The noun phrase, digital fiction books, as used with reference to the context of the technological takeover forms the object of the takeover – which has gone through the cited change in sales volumes, by 188 percent (Goddard, 1998). The sentence containing the noun phrase is used to imply the extent of sales increment. Sales of physical (adjective) books (noun) held their ground, dropping by just 0.4 per cent over the same time, but concerns that the rise of the ebook (noun) will lead to the (article) death (noun phrase) of the (article) bookshop (noun) have not been dispelled. The adjective, physical as used to describe the books in the context – is used to give a distinction between the digital and the physically tangible types of the books. The noun, books as used in the context, is used to show the position of the sales of the physical type of books as compared to the other types. The noun ebook as used in the context is used to show the shift demonstrate the shift between the different types of books

Holey Soles Essay Example for Free

Holey Soles Essay This case analysis will focus on the issues surround the lifestyle product company Holey Soles. Psychologist Ann Rosenberg founded the company in September 2002. She initially operated in her garage and backyard, until she recruited Joyce Groote (now current CEO of Holey Soles) and expanded the company into other parts of North America. Holey Soles focuses on creating innovative footwear made from their trademarked technology SmartCel and SoleTek, which is an injection-molded foam technology. As of July 2007, sales had grown at 300% in each of the last two years and the company was ranked number four in the 2006 Profit magazine ranking of Canada’s Emerging Growth Companies. However as they continue to operate, they find themselves getting pushed back by their number one competitor, Crocs. By mid-2007, Crocs sales were 33 times the sales of Holey Soles. Holey Soles has a revenue target of $40 million by 2009, and to achieve this target, they will need to focus on the issues surrounding their company and hindering its growth. We have decided that the core issue surround the company is how to reach the goal of $40 million. They need to address the possible alternatives of either expanding into other products besides footwear, implementing a more aggressive marketing strategy, changing their 2-year goals completely, or maintaining the status quo. These alternatives will depend on the assessment of the time frame, cost, and current and potential competition. Upon analyzing all situations and alternatives, we have decided that the best solution for Holey Soles would be to expand the company by creating other product lines made form their trademarked technology. Only through this method will they be able to generate enough revenue to meet their $40 million goal. Issues The issues surrounding Holey Soles include the inability to have a high market share due to dominance from Crocs, how to reach the goal of $40 million revenue, and deciding upon expansion. We think the core issue is how to reach the goal of $40 million. Decision Criteria 1.Time frame of implementation: They only have 2 years to make reach their intended goal of $40 million. Considering the high target number, 2 years is a very short time frame, and therefore is an important decision criterion. Sourcing from China to other parts of the world also takes a long time, so it factors in how much product can actually be made in the time frame given. 2.Cost of expansion: To reach a goal of $40 million, an expansion of the company would have to take place. This poses the problem of where capital is going to come from. 3.Current competition: Their number one competitor is Crocs. During the 2-year period to reach a goal of $40 million, Crocs will still be selling at the rate they have been, and may also be working towards goals of expansion. 4.Threat of potential competition: In the 2 year time frame given, what’s to say that new competitors will not enter the market? As the clog fad continues, more companies are producing similar products as Holey Soles . Even though most of them aside from Crocs have a poorer design with lower quality materials, the possibility of a company suddenly entering with a whole new technology is always possible. Alternatives Assessments 1.Expand by increasing a more diverse range of products sold. By relying on selling the clogs alone, they will never be able to reach their goal of $40 million, nor be able to overtake Crocs since Crocs has taken so much more of the market share already. With their trademarked foam-injection technologies SmartCel and SoleTek, they should put those towards creating newer and more innovative lifestyle products aside from footwear. They already started with the beach bag, so it proves that it is possible to create other products. They already have an advantage due to their company being defined as products that are â€Å"lifestyle† centered, rather than simply a â€Å"footwear manufacturer†.

Conrads Heart of Darkness and the Dehumanization of Africans Essay

Heart of Darkness and the Dehumanization of Africans      Ã‚  Ã‚   The Western world, generally speaking, is not kind to Africa and its native inhabitants. We acknowledge Africa's existence, but we do not want to see or understand anything about it beyond the obvious: overt things that are open to criticism like Apartheid (a European invention). The occasional praiseworthy entity is given momentary applause, but felicitations are short-lived and quickly forgotten. These statements refer just to politics, so one can imagine the rightful indignation by twentieth-century African writers when their work is largely ignored in favor of such enlightening fare as Heart of Darkness. One writer, Chinua Achebe, seeks to change this view by illustrating the complex, unquestionably civilized rituals and protocols of day-to-day African life. He is not alone in his endeavor, as several other writers also portray an Africa worthy of respect while they crumble the long-standing traditions of ignorant bias and patronization. Can Achebe really change the perception that Africa is nothing more than the heart of an immense darkness that surrounds all of us? That is exactly what he tries to do in his essay on racism. He ascertains that "white racism against Africa is such a normal way of thinking that its manifestations go completely unremarked." He further questions the classification of Heart of Darkness (or any work that dehumanizes Africans) as a "great work of art" (12). Obviously, this essay is more direct in its attack on the standard view of Africa than his novels, but Achebe uses the essay forum to state his hopes about the future of African literature in the West. He wants to rehabilitate this image that he keeps seeing from everyone who ha... ...oroughly rehabilitated me towards Africans in literature. Only a few billion more to go until Achebe can call his project a success.    Works Cited Achebe, Chinua. "An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad's Heart of Darkness." Hopes and Impediments: Selected Essays. New York: Anchor, 1990. -- -- --. No Longer at Ease. London: Heinemann, 1960. -- -- --. Things Fall Apart. 1958. The Norton Anthology of World Masterpieces, Expanded Edition, Vol. 1. Ed. Maynard Mack. London: Norton, 1995. Ba, Mariama. So Long a Letter. 1980. The Norton Anthology of World Masterpieces, Expanded Edition, Vol. 1. Ed. Maynard Mack. London: Norton, 1995. Conrad, Joseph. Heart of Darkness. New York: Signet, 1997. Soyinka, Wole. Death and the King's Horseman. The Norton Anthology of World Masterpieces, Expanded Edition, Vol. 1. Ed. Maynard Mack. London: Norton, 1995.

Children with Incarcerated Parents

Juvenile Justice And The effects on Children of Incarcerated Parents Loretta R. Lynch Capstone 480 Ms. Mel Jones Abstract Today prisons are overcrowded and over two million Americans, male, and female are sitting in jail or prison, and two thirds of those people incarcerated are parents (U. S. Department of Justice). Approximately two million of these children are separated from their mom or dad because of incarceration of which these are the custodial parent.These children suffer from poverty, inconsistency in caregivers, separation from siblings, reduced education, increased risk for substance abuse, alcoholism and incarceration themselves. Studies have shown that children who lack parental relationships that combine loving support with structured discipline will show increased signs of antisocial behavior (Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 21(4). This behavior is exhibited in children with incarcerated parents because bonds are likely to have never formed or are broken upo n imprisonment.The attachment a child has to their parent, as well as the indirect controls a parent has over the child, forms protective factors that reduce the incidence of delinquency (Abidin, R. 1983). Children of incarcerated parents are not always afforded protective factors, and are exposed to higher levels of risk factors that can contribute to delinquent behavior. Parental incarceration increases a child’s chance of experiencing disruptions, ineffective parenting, and loss of parental contact and academic difficulties, which can lead to juvenile delinquency.In the last three decades, family life in the United States has changed dramatically. Currently over eight point five million families with children under eighteen years of age are maintained by single parents, eighty percent of which are single as a result of separation or divorce (Hamner & Turner, 1990). A significant contributing factor to single parent households is the estimated eight percent of the children in the United States who have one parent who is incarcerated (Butterworth, 1987).In my interview with one family court judge at the Chesterfield County Juvenile Justice Court (Brice, 2012), it was apparent to me that these children are more likely than their peers to become incarcerated as adults (. The parent-child relationship, which is extremely important in a child’s development when broken, can have strong implications on the behavior that has exhibited from the child. It was also apparent that according to statistics nationwide, more than 2 million children have a parent who is incarcerated in state or federal prison (U. S. Department of Justice Report 2009).Loosing a parent to incarceration can have a wide range of devastating effects on prisoner’s children. In an interview with a female inmate (Inmate X, 2012), a mother of three children, it was apparent that the lack of parental bonding had affected not only the relationship with her mother who was seventy-one and in bad health, but also with her children. On top of her worry of being incarcerated, the inmate had just learned that her oldest was beginning to show signs of acting out and smoking marijuana. She spoke to me about her children ranging from ages two, seven and twelve.This female inmate discusses how much she missed and loved them her children, but due to circumstances, she would not be able to be in their lives for five years. She stated that it was her decision for her mother not to bring the children to the facility for any visits for fear of the impact it might cause on them seeing her in a place behind bars. When I asked her what made her in up in prison, she stated drugs. As a child, she was raped by her step-grandfather and she had turned to drugs to cope. In another interview with a female inmate (Inmate Y, 2012), she shared how he was raised in a single parent household. Her father was in and out jail for various crimes until 1996 when charged with Involuntary Manslau ghter during the commission of a robbery when she was approximately twelve. It was toward the end of the interview that I learned she is one of five children in a family of two girls and three boys. The saddening fact was that in this family of five, three of her siblings were incarcerated for various crimes. Forty-two percent of men and woman today had a parent who was also incarcerated (U. S. Department of Statistics 2009).We know much more about incarcerated mothers than we know about incarcerated fathers. For example, over 70% of female inmates are mothers of dependent children under the age of eighteen. Almost 90% of incarcerated females are single parents and heads of households. According to some estimates, a quarter of a million children are separated from their parents each year by jail and prison (Glick & Neto, 1977; McGowan & Blumenthal, 1978; McPeek & Tse, 1988; U. S. Department of Justice, 1992). We do not have this kind of information about incarcerated fathers.The lac k of statistics concerning fathers in prison may suggest that they are a forgotten group. Research has revealed that a father’s involvement in his child’s life greatly improves the child’s chances for success. Helping incarcerated fathers foster stronger connections with their children (where appropriate) can have a positive effect for children. What is needed is stronger training of social workers and prison personnel to help males with bonding and effective parenting skills. Prisons also need to work on reorganizing visiting spaces in prisons because they are not always child friendly.This also makes it extremely hard for families. According to a report written by Sarah Schirmer, Ashley Nellis, and Marc Mauer of The Sentencing Project, â€Å"The increasing incarceration of women means that more mothers are being incarcerated than ever before. There is some evidence that maternal incarceration can be more damaging to a child than paternal incarceration, which results in more children now suffering negative consequences†. First, fewer correctional institutions for women means that mothers are often located far away from the homes of their children.Second, children of female offenders are more than twice more likely to be placed in foster care than are children of male offenders because children of incarcerated fathers typically remain with the mother. Incarceration can add a tremendous burden to the already stressful situation of not having contact with the family. Many inmates are placed not in the same vicinity as their families, and many families cannot afford to relocate close to a prison, in order for the incarcerated parent to stay involved with the family. Thus, there is limited interaction between parent and child.This is especially hard for female inmates whose prisons are usually not in the same state in which they live. The average frequency of visits, according to some accounts, is at the most once a month, maybe less. T he only time inmates get to interact with their children is when someone chooses to bring the children to the institution. Even when children visit, it is common for the incarcerated parent to lose a sense of closeness with them since most of the children who visit their parents are unable to touch them. Nearly half of them grew up in families that received welfare, and had a substance-abusing parent.Family poverty, alcoholism and crime set up a subsequent cycle of generational recidivism. In my interview and time working in a boys group home seems as though the effects of their separation from an incarcerated parents was significant and played a major role in why they were now themselves locked up. They spoke of feelings of abandoned, while at the same time feeling a sense of freedom to do whatever they choose to do. This is extremely sad working with them because they are not bad kids they have just been thrown into bad situations and most of them are just looking for someone to s how them affection and attention.In my interview with a fourteen year old (boy A, 2012) raise by his paternal grandmother said that she was an older woman of eighty and could not discipline him; instead, she spoiled him and gave him everything he wanted. Another juvenile, age eleven (boy B) was raised by his mother’s sister who gave him little or no attention because she had 4 children of her own; and before he knew it he was stealing cars and getting into trouble for attention My last interview with a juvenile aged sixteen (boy C, 2013) was the saddest because he was raised by his brother and sister in law.The twist of the story was that his sister-in-law was molesting him and so in turn, he started molesting younger girls in his family. Statistics have shown that these boys were four times more likely to become involved in criminal activities than children from the same social economic background were with parents at home. The pattern continues as they enter their adult lif e, where research clearly indicates that children who had an incarcerated parent are at high risk for incarceration as a juvenile or adult (Burchinal, L. , Hawkes, G. , & Gardner, B. 957). The statistics that I have learned while doing my research is horrifying. These young children are critical to our society and they are our future generation of potential lawyers and doctors. The question has always been how do we address this problem? I do not think there is any easy answer to this dilemma, but we must try to find a solution because our children are suffering. Some are suffering in silence and some are suffering aloud. Whatever way they are suffering, they are crying for attention and we must listen and hear their cries.The crimes that these people commit not only effect society, but on their children as well. My thoughts are, the sooner they realize the effects they are having on their children, the sooner we might be able to find a solution to juvenile crime, and delinquency an d save our children. Figure 1. A transactional model of the predictors of children's adjustment following parental incarceration and reunion after (Conger & Elder, 1994; Hetherington et al. , 1998). References Adalist-Estrin, A. (1986). Parenting from behind bars. Family Resource Coalition – FRC Report, 1, 12-13.Abidin, R. (1983). Parenting stress index. Charlottesville, VA: Pediatric Psychology Press. Burchinal, L. , Hawkes, G. , & Gardner, B. (1957). The relationship between parental acceptance and adjustment of children. Child Development, 28, 67-77. Inmate X. (2012, December). Interview by L Lynch [Personal Interview] housed at the Virginia Correctional Center for Women Inmate Y, (2013, December). Interview by L Lynch [Personal Interview] housed at the Fluvanna Correctional Center for Women Boy A. (2012, December). Interview by L Lynch [Personal Interview]. Boy B. 2012, December). Interview by L Lynch [Personal Interview]. Boy C. (2013, December). Interview by L Lynch [Pe rsonal Interview]. Brice, L. (2012, December 14). Interview by L Lynch [Personal Interview]. Juvenile justice system. http://www. fcnetwork. org/AECFChildren%20of%20Incarcerated%20Parents%20Factsheet. pdf La Vigne, N. G. , Naser, R. L. Brooks, L. E. & Castro, J. L. (2005). Examining the effect of incarceration and in-prison family contact on prisoners’ family relationships. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 21(4). ———————– [pic]

Andy Goldsworthy – Essay

Andy Goldsworthy Andy Goldsworthy is able to create something aesthetically pleasing or conceptually pleasing out of absolutely nothing. He takes what he can from the land and produces sculptures by melting ice together, collecting wood or piling rocks in unique ways. Andy Goldsworthy creates his art using his bare hands alone, and while the art is still standing, he creates his own significant places. His art would often erode or collapse but for the brief time they are standing, his creations show bure beauty and amazement. Andy attempts to get closer to nature in all of his artworks. He portrays to the audience the importance of nature by recreating the different sculptures to remind us of the beauty nature holds. â€Å" â€Å"As with all my work, whether it's a leaf on a rock or ice on a rock, I'm trying to get beneath the surface appearance of things. Working the surface of a stone is an attempt to understand the internal energy of the stone. †- Andy Goldsworthy Goldsworthy tries to keep things simple in what he does. He uses only the materials and tools he is provided with by nature. If it is snowing, he will use the snow as his material, if it is autumn he works with the colours of falling leaves, a falling tree is a source of twigs and branches. Goldsworthy works with the land and not against it. He believes that the he has to learn about the lands surroundings and portray them through his artworks so that when others see the art they instantly feel the emotions of what is around them. He causes us to get sucked into the nature of the artwork and its serenity. â€Å"At its most successful, my ‘touch' looks into the heart of nature; most days I don't even get close. These things are all part of a transient process that I cannot understand unless my touch is also transient-only in this way can the cycle remain unbroken and the process be complete. † -Andy Goldsworthy Touch is an important element in the process of Andy Goldsworthy’s art making. He likes to touch before he places any material in order to get connected with the piece and feel the energy of his artwork. He learns from nature and f the piece doesn’t fit right, it could all come crumbling down. This fragile art is what makes his art so interesting to viewers and is what holds to emotion of the piece. Andy often takes photos of his artwork just after he creates them. He then sells the photos and not the artworks as the artworks often erode or fall. In his photographs, he still manages to portray the emotion seen in all his works. In making this art Goldsworthy must be extremely patient and rely completely on nature. He has had to try again many times after something has not worked and his art has come crashing to the floor. The materials used are very delicate and need to be handled with care, but again, this is what makes his art so interesting and exciting. Andy believes in the way nature can teach you many things and overwhelm you with such grace and beauty. Each of Andy’s artworks provides a story or portrays information in order to make the audience wonder. Andy takes interest in creating land art because of the serenity he produces through nature and because of what he can learn from his art. He is interested in finding the figure or picture to suit that area. He uses subtle amounts of colours in his artworks to create a contrast in what is real and what is art. His artworks vary in size, they could cover large mounts of land or could just consist of a small rock pile behind a tree. The size will vary on what the atmosphere of the land holds. Goldsworthy just works with what he has. Every choice counts in his artworks and he has to take his time to create them but in the end, what he produces is magnificent. Emily Kame Kngwarreye- Emily Kame Kngwarreye is an aboriginal artist who strives on creating her work on the emotions and nature of the land. Her land and the closeness and connection she shares with it inspire her work. Emily is an Elder in Anmatyerre, her aboriginal community, and uses this cultural experience as a basis for her artworks. Her artworks are also based on her lifelong custodianship of the women’s dreaming sites in her clan country Albalkere. The beliefs in the dreamtime stories that have been passed down by ancestors and portray them in her artworks. It was her Dreaming that was the source of the creative power, of her knowledge. So profound was her identification with Alhalkere that it infused her life and her belief system. Alhalkere was the source of her paintings. Even physically, Emily's pierced nose bore homage to the ancestor Alhalkere, a pierced rock standing on the Country of the same name. Emily believed purely in this ancestor and gained the knowledge for her paintings form her belief. | Emily tried to convey her land through her art by using colours and symbols in her artworks. Because of her strong Aboriginal connection with the land, she presented this as her significant place and acknowledged this throughout all of her artworks. Often she would use materials found in the land such as what she painted on or with and sometimes even painted using her hands, but mostly she used paint and a brush. The colours she used were to portray her land and symbolize her connection with the ‘Sunburnt’ country. She would use colours such as warm yellows, reds, pinks and orange to portray her land and chose to represent the nature of the land through rough strokes and dots. Usually she painted what came to mind when she thought about her dreamtime stories or chose to tell the story in her artwork using a number of colours and figures. Her land is what is most important in her belief system and she cherishes her connection with nature and the dreamtime stories. In her artworks, each action is carefully chosen to portray her belief in the land. They demonstrate the connection between Aboriginals and their nature. Emily’s art also displays the relationship between Indigenous Australians and the dreamtime stories they tell which usually involve their land and ancestors. Emily’s art tells the story of her life. It displays her beliefs and inspirations and also the significance of the land in Aboriginal culture. So by looking at her artworks we feel an overwhelming respect for Emily and her heritage. We feel the landscape of her land and the hidden reasures that are held close to her community. Emily’s art displays a sense of pride for her land and helps us to convey the same proudness in our lives. Although some of her artworks display sadness and loss, most demonstrate beauty and love. This sense of happiness enters the viewers mid as soon as they set eyes on her artworks. This feeling is what Emily was trying to convey I her artworks. She tries to capture the unseen beauty of the land and reproduce it so that it is no longer hidden to the viewers eye. Emily paints out of pure adoration to her land.

Milk-Run Essays

Milk-Run Essays Milk-Run Essay Milk-Run Essay Milk-Run In logistics, a milk run is a round trip which facilitates both distribution and collection. Milk run The terms are defined by the customer or by the service providers. Here, the exact number of suppliers, each of which defines the available volume and weight, and the time window for collection from the respective suppliers and the time window for delivery to the customer. With consistent planning, capacity increases to an average of 90 percent can be achieved. On the round trips are either goods collected from several suppliers and transported to one customer, or goods collected from one supplier an transported to to several customers. In contrast to the groupage traffic, here is no handling, but only to transport the goods. Something more specialist, the Milk-run is described as a concept that is a sequential collection of goods from multiple sources and the direct service to the customers without intermediate handling features of the goods. As a prerequisite for the Milk-Run approach is the spatial proximity between the supplier and the customer. The procedure for development of a Milk-Run-Concept consists of the following steps: Fixation of weight and volume of suppliers in a particular region. Selection of potential Milk-Run-Suppliers based on the maximum amount of charge, delivery frequency as although volume and weight limits. Selection of Milk-Run-Suppliers because of the conditions and the Milk-Run potential. Definition of Milk-Run-Parameters to the weight and volume limits, time slots, delivery frequency and maximum number of Milk-Run-Suppliers. Development and evaluation of Milk-Run-Alternatives. Specification of the Milk-Runs with respect to the fourth point under these parameters, plus the necessary contingency plans. Implementation of the Milk-Runs: Definition of a Milk-Run-Schedule, conduct supplier workshops, testing and Milk-Run-Controlling. The main benefit of Milk Runs is, according to common opinion in the literature, in the higher utilization of trucks and the resulting reduction of transport costs by up to 30 percent. In addition, the reduction of stock, both at the supplier side and at the customer side, avoidance in delays at the loading ramp, due to the consolidation of several suppliers and the specified time windows, high security planning and integration of reusable container recycling. In literature completely ignored is the less pollution of the environment, both by consolidation and the resulting higher utilization of trucks, and by the reduction of transportation vehicles, compared to JIT or groupage traffic. The disadvantages of the Milk-Run-Concept are the following points: Not all suppliers are able to implement a Milk run. The increasing dependence on road conditions. In the case of poor planning, the number of extra trips can increase, and lead to additional costs. History The phrase milk run originates in American culture, with the distribution of milk bottles by the milkman. On his daily route, the milkman simultaneously distributes the full bottles and collects the empty bottles. [6] After the completion of round trip, he returned with the empties back to the starting point. Another source is located in agriculture of the 20th Century. Until the 90s, in smaller communes, there were small collection points for milk. Since most farms had very little dairy, it was not economical for dairies to drive every single operation. Thus, the milk was transported by farmers to collection points and collected there. The milk truck then drove to the collection points ordinarily every two days at a predetermined number of collection points in a fixed order and transported the milk to the dairy. In the context of logistics in 1995, first mentioned by Meusel, that by identifying potential circular tours, the utilization of trucks could be increased and logistics costs could be reduced. Differentiation from groupage traffic The currently dominant in practice distribution concept is the groupage traffic. In contrast to the round trip, is at groupage traffic cargo collected from a logistics company at the supplier and transported to the transshipment points. There, the cargo will be consolidated and transported to the customer. This type of transport is divided into 2 cycles:[8] Pre-Run: From the suppliers to the transshipment points. Main-Run: Transportation of consolidated goods from the transshipment points to the customer. In this concept, the average utilization of transport amounts to 60-70 percent. The resulting costs and CO? emissions from empty tours and extra tours, as although bad utilized transport, are from an environmental and economic point a disadvantage.

Influence Of Cultural Differences On HRM Practices Research Paper

Influence Of Cultural Differences On HRM Practices - Research Paper Example In order to understand the implications of culture on HRM practices, it is important to learn how culture is perceived by stakeholders mainly labor in an organization and also how it manifests into organizational policies and procedures. According to Hofstede (2001), a culture is a social phenomenon which is learned, shared, trans-generational, symbolic, patterned and adaptive. Also, it is a multilayered phenomenon which is easy to observe but difficult to change in terms of its foundation. These layers of culture include artifacts, espoused beliefs and underlying assumptions (Schein, 2004). In addition to that, culture defines commonality existing in preferences of the workforce and their responsiveness towards organizational practices. Since it defines shared notions driving workforce, labor tends to discard any practice that is inconsistent with it or creates ambiguity. Furthermore, culture is a stable phenomenon which is difficult to change at least in the short-term. Hofstede (2 001) further asserts that five fundamental dimensions of management define how the behavior of human resource alters itself in different cultures. These dimensions include power distance between management and labor, uncertainty avoidance, individualism vs. collectivism, masculinity versus femininity and long-term versus short-term orientation. A careful analysis of these dimensions would illustrate the rationale behind differences among organizational practices prevailing in US and UAE. In extension to Hofstede’s work, Aycan et al. (2000) explain that a culture governing workforce of an organization comprises of internal traditions, the external environment surrounding the organization and socio-cultural norms existing in that particular social segment whereas this combination is known as a model of cultural fit. Organizations tend to follow HRM practices that conform to their internal model showing compliance with organizational objectives and traditions followed by the wor kforce.  

Growth of Crime Prevention in the UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Growth of Crime Prevention in the UK - Essay Example The essay will also discuss some of the key events and conflicts that have led to the development of these policies from the 80s to date. Finally, it shall discuss the limits to crime prevention as a strategy for controlling crime in Britain. The State Welfare Crisis Lea (1997) notes that the 1997 election of the conservative government under the leadership of Margaret Thatcher is significant in the development of the UK’s social policy. After the Second World War ended all the way to the 70s, a consensus was stuck embracing both the Conservative and Labor parties. The two parties came together in thought in what historians refer to the Keynesian Welfare state. The Labour party’s policy was based on the assumption that the economic policy of Keynesian would guarantee citizens full employment and economic growth. This would help in the elimination of poverty as well as associated social problems (Gilling 1997 p.35-66). Secondly, the Labour party campaigned on the ground that if elected to power, it would introduce a substantive system that respects social rights including the right to state education, healthcare, a minimum wage, and better housing. This in turn would ensure a cohesive, homogenous and stable economy. Lea (1997) reveals that around the 1960s, it became apparent that the zones within UK that still experienced high poverty rates, economic backwardness, and increasing rates of small criminal activities were opposed to the incorporation of general affluence. Because of this, they were associated with ‘social pathology’. These areas, which include decaying central city, and older industrial areas were perceived to be in need of strategic and decisive intervention of experts’ social engineering, that includes education, social work and skill training intervention in family pathology as well as at the additional economic resources level among others (Gilling 1997 p.35-66). Under the above spectrum of policies, criminalit y occupied a minor position (Lea, 1997). Lea notes that the rate of crime was relatively low even in places that were underdeveloped. Juvenile delinquency was not given much attention as it was seen as a maturity state from childhood to adulthood (lea, 1997). In this case, the main issue with regard to criminal justice policy between 1950 and 60s were those of penal reform (Gilling 1997 p 45-67). Lea notes that juvenile delinquents were mainly treated based on a strong philosophy that advocated for social reintegration. This was done through welfare, rehabilitation therapy, and special education instead of punishment as prescribed by the judicial system. Towards the end of 1970s, the new strategy developed by Keynesian Welfare State concerned severe political and ideological crisis (Lea 1997). To begin with, it was evident that the strategy had failed to do away with social iniquity and eliminate poverty. When Thatcher government came into power, it laid an elaborate decisive ideolo gy transforming the welfare state from providing ineffective solutions to crime to fighting social injustice by establishing their root causes (Lea 1997). In this case, the philosophy of social collectivism and the welfare state were perceived to undermine the cultural entrepreneurship which had at one time transformed UK to a dynamic society. Under the Thatcher government, the increase in criminal activities and poverty were perceived as the result of dependence on welfare

Compromise of 1850 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Compromise of 1850 - Essay Example While that statement had many different interpretations placed upon it, the Compromise of 1850, in part, would seek to address the issue of slavery. As for its definition, "The Compromise of 1850 was a series of five bills that were intended to stave off sectional strife. Its goal was to deal with the spread of slavery to territories in order to keep northern and southern interests in balance," (Kelly, p.1). For the young nation, the hope would be to equalize the relations between both the northern region, as well as the south and enable both sides to come to the same respective unity. The discussion over slavery, would remain one of the more potentially contentious portions of the proposed plan itself. In this case, "Of all the bills that made up the Compromise of 1850, the Fugitive Slave Act was the most controversial. It required citizens to assist in the recovery of fugitive slaves. It denied a fugitive's right to a jury trial. (Cases would instead be handled by special commisioners -- commisioners who would be paid $5 if an alleged fugitive were released and $10 if he or she were sent away with the claimant.) The act called for changes in filing for a claim, making the process easier for slave owners.

Introductory chapter needs some more info Essay

Introductory chapter needs some more info - Essay Example rop Frye discusses it in his essay, refers simply to a special kind of narrative.1 The special nature of this narrative is that it is devised to reflect the beliefs of a particular culture, especially as it uses the concept of the supernatural to explore and explain natural events and the essence of human nature. Frye’s argument is that this mythic narrative is included in almost all of the archetypes used in literature and that these concepts are also found within our most sacred ritual events as we continue to seek the true nature of the order of life. Considering Frye’s discussion of myth, ritual and the natural cycle as it is presented in The Archetypes of Literature, it can be seen that there are several rituals and beliefs that we experience in modern life that we are perhaps not even aware of as being a voluntary affirmation of the natural order of life, such as the beliefs we associate with the concept of darkness. An examination into the traditional values asso ciated with darkness helps to inform the shift in focus seen as the world began to shift into its more modern configuration. Generally acknowledged to have started with the publication of Horace Walpole’s novel The Castle of Otranto in 1764, the Gothic genre represents a fundamental shift in thinking from one dominated by ideals and reason to one of imagination and emotion.2 Gothic literature is characterized by its unique way of combining horror and romance to create a completely new genre that, particularly after the advent of Sigmund Freud and his psychoanalytic theory,3 focused more and more on the power of the mind to terrify itself. Common elements found within Gothic literature include terror, the supernatural, ghosts, haunted houses with a particular type of architecture, castles, darkness, death, madness, secrets and hereditary curses. Characters typically fall into stereotypical personas such as the femmes fatales, flawed heroes, monsters of various types and flawed individuals.

Irregular verbs

Irregular verbs How do native English children acquire irregular verbs? The process of how children acquire their first language is a widely investigated phenomenon. Some researchers and experts agree that every child has a special language learning device, which enables them to learn a language very effectively. Numerous researches have been conducted on the different stages of first language acquisition. One of these stages is the process of verb acquisition. Children usually make errors when trying to use the past tense forms of irregular verbs, but later on these errors disappear, as they acquire the correct forms. In this paper I will, firstly demonstrate the stages of first language acquisition and place the phase of verb acquisition, then I will explain the most common mistake children make with irregular past tenses, and lastly, I will give an explanation to this phenomenon, and show the consequence it could possibly have. According to Pinker (1994) when a child is born it can distinguish all the phonemes of the worlds languages, even if there is no distinction in their mother tongue. By reaching ten months of age, however, they will have learned the sounds used in their language, and will not have a universal knowledge of sounds anymore, just like adults. Children learn to understand speech between two month and their first birthday. They start to produce syllables in between this time span, at around their seventh month. This phase is called babbling. Then, they begin to use single, isolated words when they are one year old, and with eighteen months, their vocabulary starts to grow very quickly, and syntax also begins with combining words. When they reach their second year the development in all fields of language learning is very rapid, and as Pinker (1994) states, with three years a child is a grammatical genius (p. 276). For a better overview we could name the stages as follows: Syllable Babbling, Gibberish Babbling, One-Word-Utterances, Two-Word-String, and All Hell Breaks Loose (Pinker, 1994, p. 269). The acquisition of verbs usually takes place later than that of nouns (Harris, Meints and Plunkett, 2008). There are two types of verbs: regular verbs and irregular verbs. In order to produce the past tenses of verbs, Redman and Rice (2001) point out, that children need to acquire the morphophonological component of past tense, the rules for producing the various forms associated with past tense (p. 655). This means, that they have to learn that the past tense is constructed by adding -ed to the stem, and that there are irregular verbs, which are exceptions to the rule, and are produced differently. Learning to produce the past tense of regular verbs is usually not a problem for children, because they only have to know one rule, and be able to apply it. The problem is with irregular verbs, because there is no rule there, which can be applied. The mistake children commonly make when trying to use the past tense of irregular verbs is called overregularization. This can occur whan the c hild already knows, that in order to express past tense, -ed has to be added to the stem of the verb, and applies this rule, incorrectly, to irregular verbs as well (Matthews and Theakston, 2006). There is an explanation to this phenomenon. According to Pinker (1994), irregular verb forms have to be memorized independently, linked together as word pairs, and if the correct form cannot be retrieved from memory, the general rule of adding -ed is applied. This substitution can occur, because regular inflection is a symbol-combination rule and does not need access to the contents of memory (Pinker, 2001, p. 19). In the English language there are about 180 irregular verbs, which originate from Old and Middle English. There used to be about twice as many, but adults also tend to forget that a verb is irregular, especially if it is not a common, often used verb, and start to use it as a regular verb (Pinker, 1994). Therefore, the amount of regular verbs is increasing, while that of irregular ones is decreasing. It can be concluded then, that verb acquisition starts between the childs first and second birthday, somewhat after noun acquisition. When using the past tense of verbs, children have to know the rule which is used with regular verbs, and that there are irregular verbs, which are produced differently. However, they tend to apply the general rule, which is used for regular verbs, also for irregular verbs. This is probably so, because there is no rule for generating the past tense of irregular verbs, so they have to be memorized as pairs of words, and if the child cannot remember the right form, or the other half of the word pair, it simply applies the rule it knows, and generates a regular past tensed verb. Irregular verbs, that are not often used, might stay in the childs lexicon as regular ones, and this can cause the increase of regular verbs and the decrease of irregular verbs. References Harris, P. L., Meints, K., Plunkett, K. (2008). Eating apples and houseplants: Typicality constraints on thematic roles in early verb learning. Language and Cognitive Processes, 23, 434-463. Matthews, D. E., Theakston, A. L. (2006). Errors of omission in English-speaking childrens production of plurals and the past tense: The effects of frequency, phonology, and competition. Cognitive Science, 30, 1027-1052. Pinker, S. (1994). Baby born talking-Describes Heaven. In The language instinct (pp. 262-296). London, England: Penguin Books. Pinker, S. (2001). Words and rules. Eye on Psi Chi, 14-19. Redmond, S. M., Rice, M. L. (2001). Detection of irregular verb violations by children with and without SLI. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 44, 655-669.

gatdream Exploding the American Myth in The Great Gatsby :: Great Gatsby Essays

Exploding the American Myth in The Great Gatsby      Ã‚  Ã‚   The American Constitution declares the freedom and equality among all people. On this declaration was built the collective dreams of a nation as well as millions of personal dreams. F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel, The Great Gatsby, exposes the American Constitution for the myth that it always was by revealing the existing class distinctions. The Great Gatsby provides the petty details of the aimlessness and shallowness of the idyll rich, the extravagance of their parties, and the illegal sources of the funds that fueled such mindless activities.    Myrtle's attempt to become a "member" of Tom's group is predestined to fail, because he is of the wealthier, more "sophisticated" class. Taking advantage of her animation, her lively nature, she tries to elude the rest of her class. She gets involved in an affair with Tom, and inherits his values, and his way of living. By doing so, she only demoralizes herself, and becomes corrupt like the rich are stereotyped to be. She belittles people from her own class, and loses all sense of honor that she once had. And for all her social desires, Myrtle never does find her place in Tom's "high brow" world of the rich.    Fitzgerald portrays Myrtle's condition, obviously, as a minor reflection to Gatsby's more substantial struggle. While Myrtle's ambitions come from her social desires, Gatsby's are linked more to his idealism, his strong belief in life's opportunity. For sure, his desire is influenced by social considerations as well; Daisy, who is beautiful and rich, shows a lifestyle that is distant to Gatsby's and therefore is more attractive to him, because it is so far out of his reach.    However, social status is not his premier reason for loving Daisy. It only leads him, and makes him subject to believe in life's great opportunity. Like Myrtle does, Gatsby fights to fit himself into another social group, the one of old money, but his attempt is more significant, because his whole faith in life is rested upon it. Therefore, his failure is much more frightful to him, as any larger dream's failure turns out to be. His whole objective, his confidence in life and himself is completely smashed when he fails to win Daisy's love. His death, when it arrives is nearly meaningless, for, with the defeat of his dream, Gatsby is already spiritually murdered, and would lose all faith in life.

021456

NABEEL RASHEED Flat # D-19, Crown Garden Block-4, Scheme-33, Gulistan-e-Jauhar, Main University Road, Karachi. Cell # +92 343 2550 599 / +92 300 2580 408 Phn # +92 213 4011 237 E-mail: [email  protected] com Career Object: Seeking a career with a future oriented organization, which will provide me the platform for becoming a well? Recognized profession†¦ Ultimately attaining prestige and pride for the organization and myself . Personal information: Father’s Name Date of Birth Nationality Religion Marital Status NIC # : : : : : : Abdul Rasheed December 14th, 1991 Pakistani Islam Single 42201-8923891-5Personal Qualifications: Masters Graduation : MBA marketing in process from KASBIT : B. com from Karachi University in 2011. B. S. S. Media Studies, 3 semesters from Bahria University in, 2009. Intermediate: I. Com. , from, Liaquat College of Management Sciences in, 2008. Matriculation: Computer Sciences from, The Kings School in, 2006. Experiences: ? Premiers International: (Feb 2012 till Nov 2012) Premiers is the largest Immigration Company in the entire Middle East with its full fledged processing department in its Head Office in Dubai.Premiers serve applicants from entire Middle East through its Head office in Dubai. With its Head office in Dubai & Branch Office in Abu Dhabi Premiers is serving expatriate community in the Middle East and has the honor of processing approximately 1000 cases per year. we have regional offices worldwide i. e: Cyprus, Canada, Abu Dhabi, Karachi, Tehran. Designation: Working as a Senior Customer Service Representative and a Immigration Councilor, from Feb, 2012 till Nov2012. ? Silk Bank LTD: (3 months)Saudi Pak was rebranded as Silk bank Limited on June 1, 2009. Under the new leadership the bank will continue to focus on SME & Consumer financing resulting in efforts of increased profitability. Designation: Sales Executive in personal loan department (Running Finance), from Aug, 2011 till Oct, 2011 ? United Bank LTD: (6 weeks) Pakistan’s second largest bank with more than 1300 branches nationwide and internationally in 4 continents, giving services with the glorious history of 52years.Designation: Operational Internee, gave my services in every depart, deal cash counter for 1 week, clearing counter for more than One week and deal as a Customer Service Representative for more than a month and have almost full command on it, in 2011 for 6 weeks. ? Used clothing export Pakistan (Fortune Group Canada): (1 year) This company based upon export of used clothing, soft/hard toys, house hold rummage, and etc from worldwide and sale it to local buyers in Pakistan. Designation:Office Administrator, in 2008 Till year end. ? NabCells (6 years) This company is based on Trading of cell phones nationwide and internationally through internet and other marketing, Established in 2007 Till 2012. Designation: CEO and Founder . ? E-management: (1 year) The organization is based upon event organizing like Concert o rganizing, Conference organizing, Convocations organizing etc, and specialized in wedding planning, in Co-operation with Mac caterers and decorators. Designation:Owner and Event manager for corporate events and wedding planning, in 2008-2009 Computer skills: ? ? ? ? ? Movie Editing Graphic Designing Flash animation Microsoft Office Windows and hardware assembling expert Hobbies: ? Movie making ? ? ? ? ? Photography Do work-out in Gym Eating out Car racing Travelling Extra skills: Brown belt holder in TAI-KWAONDO (Self-Defence) from, Aero Karate Club Karachi. Can speak British English, Urdu and Kokan Language of India (Puna) References: Will be furnished on request.

The Effects Of Oil Spill In The Marine Ecosystem

These components affect living organisms in many ways. Some of the soluble components and emulsions are poisonous, particularly to small organisms that do not have protective coverings or shells- Fish larvae, single celled algae and many kinds of plankton are vulnerable and these are the basic foundation of the marine food chain. In shallow water these toxic substances may directly kill algae, coral and sea grasses.These components may also be passed in the food chain or directly ingested or absorbed through the gills of fish and other larger marine organisms. The effect may be to kill the animal or contaminate its tissues. A thick film of oil on the sea surface may reduce sunlight penetration and reduce photosynthesis. Small particles and emulsions may be ingested or block the feeding mechanisms of invertebrates such as oysters, starfish, sponges and corals. These particles also may have toxic components, so the effects can be physical, chemical or both. The most dramatic impact of oil spills is the coating of larger animals with oil. Animals that breathe at the surface like dolphins, sea turtles and manatees may inhale oil and toxic vapors. Sticky oil may also coat their bodies. Coating with oil is particularly devastating to birds. Even a thin coat of oil compromises the waterproof quality of feathers, causing the bird to become water logged and loose heat. Animals, like some sea turtles, that feed at or near the surface may ingest tar balls and particles that then physically blocks their intestines and may be toxic as well.At the shoreline, shallow waters and coastal estuaries and marshes, the impact of the layer of oil, floating and suspended emulsion and particles can be devastating, coating plants and benthic animals like corals, crabs and shell fish, preventing photosynthesis and breathing and blocking filter feeding mechanisms. These materials become mixed into shoreline sediments and remain in the system for years. ‘Dispersants’ are deter gent like substances that can be applied to an oil slick and accelerate the emulsification, break-up into particles and dispersion of the thick oil. This limits the spread and the distance that a slick moves.However it is important to recognize that the oil does not go away- its all still there, just in the form of smaller particles and emulsion that is less mobile. In addition, dispersants may also be toxic or have deleterious effects on the natural environment, particularly on small single celled organisms. System recovery.Despite these gloomy predictions, the effects of oil spills are not permanent and complete. Marine systems show remarkable resiliency and as the oil becomes sequestered in less active forms (tarballs, buried oil etc.) and is broken down by sunlight and bacterial action, the systems recover. Survivors reproduce and recolonize habitats. Some creatures adapt to tar and oil covered substrates and some crabs and mollusks actually eat the tar and the bacteria and fung i growing upon it, and aid its degredation. The oil in its several forms is dispersed, diluted and broken down until only small pockets and particles remain.Marine systems are by their very nature open- that is connected by the sea, wind and currents to distant uncontaminated regions. Many marine organisms have mobile life phases(floating eggs, larvae) that recolonize and re-establish populations. Some of the creatures affected by a spill also routinely suffer catastrophic mortality from other causes (e.g. some colonial nesting seabirds) and are well adapted to recover. Large mobile animals like sharks, sea turtles, large fish and whales that moved away from the spill move back. Although there may be significant mortality of some of these animals, overall the impact on their populations is usually not permanent.In the well studied cases in the Arabian gulf, Alaska (Exxon Valdez) and English Channel (Torrey Canyon), the appearance of the system returned close to normal within a few y ears. Although there was still oil and tar present in the sediments, and continuing effects among the organisms there was visible recovery of major parts of the system (seagrass beds, rocky intertidal habitats, coral reefs).With the passage of time, approximately a decade or so, and rebalancing of ecosystem and the creatures living in it, the system continues to function and returns to productivity, fisheries recover and many of the organisms are restored to their previous abundance. While such widespread intense disruption may causes changes in the balance of nature- which species are present and how numerous they are- nature itself survives. Although such catastrophic events are very damaging and economically expensive at a human scale, on an ecological time scale they are passing disruptions and on an evolutionary timescale, barely perceptible.Ecosystem effectsClean up efforts have included unprecedented amounts of chemical dispersants,  which are used to break up oil slicks. A lthough detailed effects of the chemical dispersants on wildlife and ecosystems are not well studied, the chemicals used are toxic to a variety of organisms, and they have never been previously used on this wide a scale. Because dispersants break oil up into tiny droplets, marine biologists fear that fish larvae, zooplankton and filter feeders (such as oysters), will be at risk from eating the large quantities of â€Å"non-visible† oil.Chemical dispersants are likely to impact deep-water animals downstream of the well. Oil will likely reduce the amount and health of all prey species, reducing the food available for marine mammals, seabirds and sea turtles. Plankton is the foundation for nearly all life in the Gulf of Mexico (and the ocean), and they will most likely be affected. Contaminants from the spill and the dispersants are likely to concentrate in the upper food chain, affecting whales, dolphins, birds and sharks. FishesScientists have observed fish species moving into near-shore areas with less oil contamination, indicating that they may be fleeing significant habitat impacts in deeper waters. The Gulf is a breeding ground for bluefin tuna, and the oil spill coincides with egg production. Larvae of tuna and other fishes eat anything they see in the water, including oil droplets. Studies on a variety of fish larvae suggests that ingestion of both oil droplets and dispersants causes adverse effects, including mutations, physiological problems and increased mortality.BirdsSeabirds get covered with oil while diving into oily waters to fish. The birds may ingest oil when they eat prey that is covered in or has ingested oil. Once birds are covered with oil, they have difficulty flying, or are completely unable to fly, making feeding and getting away from predators impossible. Many species of birds, including the brown pelican (just taken off the endangered list) face threats from the oil spill on the coastal islands and wetlands of the Gulf that they use as rookeries. Birds’ eggs are getting covered in oil, and the birds are deserting their oiled habitat, leaving their eggs behind.Oil pollution is one of the most serious environmental problems in themarine  environment. Episodic pollution events, such as catastrophic oilspills; in particular, threaten water quality and habitat with a suddenness andseverity rarely matched by other pollutants. Catastrophic spills typicallyresult from transportation accidents such as collisions or groundings of oiltankers.Most oil pollution stems from non-catastrophic events, however, and occursmost frequently during cargo transfer operations. In fact, of the 3.5 Milliontons of oil that ends up in the ocean every year worldwide, only a small percent is a consequence of tanker spills. About 70 percent of oil Pollution isdue to chronic pollution from municipal and industrial wastes or run off,dumping of waste oil, release of oily bilge water, and from other-than-tanker transportation.Whatâ⠂¬â„¢s an oil spill?Oil spills happen when people make mistakes or are careless and cause anoil tanker to leak oil into the ocean. There are a few more ways an oil spillcan occur. Equipment breaking down may cause an oil spill. If theequipment breaks down, the tanker may get stuck on shallow land. Whenthey start to drive the tanker again, they can put a hole in the tanker causingit to leak oil